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It's not unusual for young children to experience sore gums. This condition can be caused by many factors including a tooth coming in and food impaction. However, if the pain is consistent your child may be at risk for gum disease. Gingivitis (swollen gums) is very common among children and as a parent you need to be aware of the signs that will indicate your child is suffering from the early stages of a gum disease. Acting quickly to reverse gingivitis is essential to prevent progression that can lead to more advanced gum disease (periodontitis).¹

Bleeding of the gums during brushing is usually the first sign of gingivitis; other symptoms include swelling, puffiness and redness of the gums. The gums can become tender to the touch and discomfort can occur if the child eats something that irritates the gum line. Gingivitis can progress to gum disease, causing even more discomfort as the gums recede and pull away from the teeth.²

If the child is unable to brush his teeth after eating sugary and starchy foods high, he is at risk for developing gingivitis. The bacteria that cause gum disease can be passed through saliva, so gingivitis is common among family members.²

Gingivitis in its early stages can be treated by improving the child’s oral hygiene. The child should brush his teeth twice per day with a soft-bristled toothbrush and toothpaste containing fluoride. Flossing removes food debris from between the teeth. If gingivitis has advanced to periodontitis, a deep cleaning is often needed.¹

Another major reason for gum pain in kids is teething. Teething is a painful process that can lead to many sleepless nights for both babies and parents. If the child just has a tooth erupting, he may pull on his ears, put his fingers in his mouth and lose interest in eating. The gums toward the back of his jaw may be red. Most of the pain associated with teething occurs before teeth break through the gums.²

Some parents also report that their babies experience ear pain, diarrhea, and fever, excessive irritability. However, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics, these are not symptoms of teething and are likely caused by a viral infection that occurs at the same time as the teething. If the baby has a fever that is persistent parents should call the pediatrician.¹

The most important preventive step against periodontal disease is to establish good oral health habits with your child. Here are some basic preventive steps to help your child maintain good oral health:

1. Establish good dental hygiene habits. 
2. Schedule regular dental visits for family checkups, periodontal evaluations and cleanings.
3. Check your child's mouth for the signs of periodontal disease, including bleeding gums, swollen and bright red gums, gums that are receding away from the teeth and bad breath.³

Mohammad Kamal Harb

Pediatrician

¹https://ctkidsdentitst.com/

²https://www.hellomotherhood.com/sore-gums-in-children

³https://www.perio.org/consumer/gum-disease-and-children